Optical Fiber & Electrical Fundamental Rights

  Abstract         To realize the Government of India’s goal to have 20 million broadband subscribers by year 2010, it is essential to drive Fiber To The Home(FTTH) technology along with other broadband access technologies for providing   broadband access. Today, majority of broadband connectivity is offered through Digital Subscriber Line(DSL), Cable Modem and to the limited extent with Wireless technology. FTTH provides enormous bandwidth and long reach offering   Triple play services ( Data, Voice, Video)    on a single fiber. FTTH   is   future proof solution for providing add-on services such as Video on demand, Online Gaming, HD TV. Advancement in the electronic equipment coupled with falling prices of fiber and equipment make FTTH deployment an affordable choice for the telecom operators that result in   long term returns. This paper details various FTTH architectures available for deployment, key developments and tren...

       Splicing is used to permanently join two optical fibers where no additional changes are expected to be made to those fibers at that juncture. This is in contrast to connectors, which are designed to allow quick re-configuration of fiber links.  There are two ways to splice optical fibers: mechanical and fusion. In a mechanical splice, the fibers are held together with ends touching inside some type of sleeve. Mechanical splices are typically used for semi-permanent connections, as in an emergency restoration or for testing and troubleshooting. Mechanical splices usually exhibit greater loss and reflection than fusion splices.  In fusion splicing, the two fibers are literally welded or fused together. This makes for a strong joint that exhibits very low loss and virtually no reflection.   This paper focuses on fusion splicing, although much of what is discussed here can also be applied to mechanical splicing.